 |
|
|
| |
| The Challenge: Characterization of Liposomes in Solution |
| Direct determination of liposome specimen morphology (size distribution and shape), and assembly (lamellarity) of therapeutic lipid particles is critical to liposome characterization during pharmaceutical and biotechnology process development and formulation. However, common methods of size determination such as Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) are not direct measures of size, are hampered by heterogeneous samples, and provide no information regarding shape or lamellarity. Direct visualization of nanoscale liposomes by freeze fracture TEM is prone to distortion and artifacts from sample preparation and does not provide the critical structural details (i.e. lamellarity). |
| The Solution: CryoTEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) |
| CryoTEM allows for the direct visualization and analytical characterization (size, shape and lamellarity) of native fully hydrated liposomes at the same time. In addition, image-based sizing methods can be used to provide detailed size distribution. |
 |
Shape and lamellarity are shown with CryoTEM images of liposomes (DMPC/cholesterol) imaged at a magnification of 21,000x (left) and 52,000x (right).
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
©Copyright 2007-09, NanoImaging Services, All Rights Reserved |
